Pumped-Storage Energy Systems for the Drin River Cascade: A Case Study

Abstract

This article investigates the feasibility of implementing pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) systems within the existing hydropower plants (HPPs) of the Drin River cascade in Albania. Currently, five HPPs are operational along the Drin River, two of which are managed by private operators, while the remaining three are operated by the public utility “KESH sh.a”. Increasing climate variability necessitates adaptive operational measures to enhance the safety and resilience of these hydropower assets. In parallel, the rapid development of variable renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind power, has intensified interest in large-scale energy storage solutions. The study evaluates a case scenario involving the installation of a 200 MW pumped-storage system between two existing reservoirs in the Drin River cascade. Based on a hydrological year characterized by high rainfall, the results indicate that the proposed system could reduce downstream discharge by up to 30% while producing approximately 28 GWh of net electrical energy. Beyond energy generation, the assessment highlights broader system-level benefits, including improved flood risk management, enhanced climate resilience, and optimized hydropower operation. The findings suggest that pumped-storage integration could play a strategic role in supporting Albania’s energy transition and strengthening the operational flexibility of the Drin River hydropower system.