Maritime Accidents in Albania: An Empirical Survey-Based Analysis

Abstract

Maritime accidents have long been a subject of concern due to their severe human, environmental, and economic consequences, including loss of life, environmental pollution, and disruption of global supply chains. These impacts underline the need for a deeper understanding of the factors contributing to maritime accidents, particularly the complex role of human error shaped by cognitive limitations, organizational practices, and environmental conditions. This study develops an empirical model linking Human Resource Management (HRM) practices to maritime accident frequency using count-data regression techniques. Empirical evidence is drawn from a structured questionnaire administered to 68 maritime professionals employed in maritime organizations and companies, including crew members on vessels calling at national ports. The analysis examines organizational characteristics, accident and incident reporting practices, accident frequency over the previous five years, and perceptions of safety and operational management. Results show that 82.5% of respondents work in organizations that systematically collect evidence following accidents or incidents. On average, respondents reported 7.33 accidents over the five-year period. The regression results indicate that stronger HRM practices are associated with a significant reduction in expected accident frequency, even after controlling for experience and training. These findings highlight the importance of organizational learning, management quality, and system-level prevention strategies in enhancing maritime safety.