Modelling Transient Hydraulic Hammer Behavior in Pumped Systems Using WHAMO Software

Abstract

This paper presents a mathematical model of the hydraulic hammer phenomenon. The model incorporates the momentum and continuity equations, the construction of the system layout, and the junctions within the pipeline network. Potential scenarios during system operation are analyzed using the Water Hammer and Mass Oscillation (WHAMO) software to simulate transient hydraulic behavior. In closed hydraulic systems, a hydraulic hammer occurs when the system transitions from a stable to an unstable state, causing the kinetic energy of the fluid to be rapidly converted into pressure energy. This results in a powerful pressure surge accompanied by a reverse flow wave. Such pressure fluctuations can lead to extremely low pressures, increasing the risk of contaminant intrusion through cracks or pipe damage. This phenomenon often accompanied by a hammer-like sound poses a significant challenge in drinking water treatment systems. Because the governing equations are nonlinear and hyperbolic, analytical solutions are not feasible; therefore, numerical modeling is required. The main goal of this study is to analyze pump behavior during transient conditions associated with the water hammer phenomenon.