A Scan Line Survey for Early Detection of Landslide Potential in Hard Rock Slopes

Abstract

Discontinuity surveys involve collecting rock data through fieldwork and are an important characteristic of evaluating the quality of rock masses in rock engineering. The characteristics of a rock mass, such as strength, deformability, and permeability, are considerably influenced by its discontinuities. Landslides and slope collapse in hard rocks demonstrate distinct qualities in comparison with those occurring in soft geological formations. The primary purpose of the investigation is to employ a scan line survey technique to assess and estimate the frequency of landslides in the Warcha Sandstone outcrop located in Karuli Piran village, Chakwal district, Pakistan. Scan line approach and physical classification of rock types are frequently utilized to identify controlling factors. We carried out a systematic investigation of the stability of the Warcha Sandstone cliff to recognize potential failure modes. The outcomes highlight a potential risk of vertical cliff instability through toppling, with the expected failure direction identified from northeast to southwest. A comprehensive physical inspection estimate underscores the gravity of the situation, indicating that a probable landslide could lead to substantial damage and road blockage. It is recommended to promptly implement precautionary measures, such as controlled blasting to remove the high-risk toppling region or to enhance resistance to stabilize the slope.