The Advantages and Achievements of Electronic Assessment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Along with technological developments, electronic devices and tools have increasingly affected many aspects of our lives, including teaching, learning, and assessment processes. Over the last decade, the growing use of e-learning methods has sparked considerable discussion about how these tools can be effectively applied to assessment and evaluation, making this a central topic in educational research. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the advantages of electronic assessment from 2000 to 2024. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 34 of the most significant studies were selected, analyzed in depth, and sourced from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases using a combination of keywords including "Artificial Intelligence," "Electronic," "Technology," "Assessment," "Training," "Learning," and "Achievements." The review examines electronic assessment in education, particularly in evaluating student performance at different levels, while also identifying and compiling its limitations to provide a clear overview of current challenges and to guide future research. The main findings reveal two broad categories of benefits. The first category, Technical Advantages, includes enhanced feedback and learning analytics (such as instant feedback and speed of results), authentic learning experiences (centralized knowledge, learning analytics, and enhanced learning), consistency and objectivity in grading (collaborative question authoring, automated test assembly, automated marking, and randomization features), efficiency and time management (real-time feedback and reduced administrative burden), and security. The second category, Operational Advantages, encompasses cost-effectiveness and resource efficiency (reduced physical costs, scalability, and improved efficiency), flexibility and convenience (geographical flexibility and a variety of assessment formats), and accessibility and inclusivity (accessible features and inclusive design).