Jaupi, O., & Spaho, E. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review on Integrating VANETs, VDTNs, 5G, and IoT for Smart Cities: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions. Journal of Transactions in Systems Engineering, 3(3), 420–448. https://doi.org/10.15157/JTSE.2025.3.3.420-448